Analysis and Simulation of the Effect of Combining Load Frequency Control and Automatic Voltage Regulation in Hydrothermal Power System

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

10.22104/hfe.2025.7649.1366

Abstract

: In modern power systems, load dynamics are always dynamic and constantly changing. To maintain the balance between generation and consumption demand during load fluctuations, power systems must operate intelligently and flexibly. Given the lack of sufficient conventional energy sources, it is necessary and essential to combine conventional energy sources with renewable energy sources to balance production-consumption. The integration of renewable power production units with intermittent character will cause the uncertainty of active power generation and the mismatch among the generated energy and the required load causes oscillations in the voltage and frequency of the network. Using the load frequency controller to adjust the frequency and the AVR to adjust the voltage with regulation of the reactive and active energies, is very important to improve the stability of the energy network because of sudden shifts in the demand of energy. In this paper, the combined LFC-ACR model is considered for a single-area energy grid, which includes of a thermal unit and a hydro plant. Synchronous generators with LFC and AVR are important in providing high-quality and uninterrupted electrical power to the network. The primary purpose of investigation and analysis is to show the influence of coupling AVR and LFC loop simultaneously to regulate voltage and frequency. To improve the system response, an integral controller is used in the LFC loop and a PI regulator is employed in the AVR loop. The analysis and simulation results show the reduction of frequency and voltage oscillation due to disturbance in the power system.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Hydrogen, Fuel Cell & Energy Storage

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 21 February 2026

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