Solar and Wind-Powered Charging in Tehran: A New Era for Electric Vehicles and Hydrogen Bikes

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Department of Industrial Engineering, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

10.22104/hfe.2025.7333.1337

Abstract

The development of renewable- powered EV charging stations in Tehran is crucial for reducing air pollution, improving urban air quality, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels, and enhancing energy sustainability. A simulation was conducted for the first time, including three fast and slow charging modes, as well as a green hydrogen production unit for bicycles. The system, integrated with the national grid, prices surplus electricity sales based on the green energy market while penalizing pollutant emissions. Using HOMER software and NASA's 20-year climate data, the study found that wind energy economically outperforms solar energy in Tehran. The optimal system uses 51% wind and 45% solar energy, with a total reliance of 96% on renewables. The costs are 0.087 $/kWh for electricity and 292.1 $/kg for hydrogen production. Moreover, by selling the surplus electricity to the national grid, it prevents the annual emission of approximately 967.4 tons of various pollutants- including 961.2 tons/year of CO2, 4.2 tons/year of SO2, and 2 tons/year of NOx. The broader implications of this study include promoting the use of renewable energies in urban infrastructure, reducing environmental pollution on a large scale, and providing a scalable model for sustainable energy systems in similar urban areas worldwide. Integrating renewable energy into EV charging stations offers a scalable and sustainable model for urban development. Addressing challenges like high costs and grid stability requires supportive policies, including subsidies and incentives, while future research should center on optimizing renewable systems, improving green hydrogen production, and enhancing smart grid integration.

Keywords

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References

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Hydrogen, Fuel Cell & Energy Storage
Volume 12, Issue 4
December 2025
Pages 227-242

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